Social Security spousal benefits can provide a crucial source of retirement income for married couples, but making the wrong decision when claiming them can cost you thousands of dollars over time. Before applying, it’s essential to understand the rules and avoid one of the most common mistakes retirees make.

1. The Big Mistake: Claiming Too Early

The biggest mistake people make when claiming Social Security spousal benefits is applying too early—before their full retirement age (FRA). If you claim spousal benefits before reaching your FRA (which is 66 or 67, depending on your birth year), your monthly payment will be permanently reduced.

How Much Can You Lose?

• At FRA, you can receive up to 50% of your spouse’s full benefit.
• If you claim as early as 62, your spousal benefit could be reduced by up to 35%.
• Once you claim, the reduction is permanent—you can’t increase your benefit later.

2. Understanding Eligibility for Spousal Benefits

To qualify for Social Security spousal benefits:

• Your spouse must already be receiving benefits.
• You must be at least 62 years old.
• Your spousal benefit is based on your spouse’s primary insurance amount (PIA), not their delayed retirement credits.

3. Maximizing Your Spousal Benefit

To get the full 50% spousal benefit, wait until your full retirement age before claiming. If you claim earlier, you’ll be locked into a lower monthly benefit for life.

Additionally, if you were born before January 2, 1954, you may still be eligible to use a restricted application to claim spousal benefits first while allowing your own retirement benefit to grow until age 70—a strategy no longer available for younger retirees.

4. What If You’re Divorced?

If you were married for at least 10 years and have not remarried, you may still be eligible for spousal benefits based on your ex-spouse’s record. The same rules apply, meaning claiming early will permanently reduce your payments.

5. Spousal Benefits vs. Survivor Benefits

A common misunderstanding is confusing spousal benefits with survivor benefits. Spousal benefits max out at 50% of your spouse’s benefit, while survivor benefits allow a widow or widower to receive 100% of their deceased spouse’s benefit if claimed at FRA or later.

Final Thoughts

Claiming Social Security spousal benefits at the right time is crucial for maximizing your retirement income. Before you apply, carefully consider your age, eligibility, and long-term financial needs. Making the wrong choice could mean losing thousands in benefits over your lifetime.

For more details, visit the Social Security Administration.

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